This new volume explores important current and recent approaches and advanced techniques for the effective management and treatment of wastewater. The book aims to provide a range of diverse techniques for achieving optimum water quality management, for restoration of water bodies, for the improvement of a circular water economy, and for effective water reuse. Many of the new methods and technologies included in the book focus on sustainable phytoremediation techniques, such as the use of earthworms, ecological floating beds, and anaerobic biovalorization. The book also discusses comprehensively the scope of nanomaterials for wastewater treatment. It also covers some of the least explored aspects of water quality improvement, such as use of eco-roofs, the role of remote sensing in water quality management, biosand filters for household wastewater treatment, and much more. Advanced Technologies for Water Quality Treatment and Management will be beneficial to students and researchers in providing technological support and a scientific foundation for achieving optimum water quality management.

Food wastage has become a major problem with about one-third of all food produced for human consumption going to waste, leading to major socioeconomic and environmental consequences in an increasingly resource-constrained world. This volume embraces integrated management as a solution to food and agricultural wastage. It presents methods to lessen, reuse, recycle, and manage wastage by merging and employing a variety of suitable methods, equipment, and organizational plans. The volume begins with a global overview of the characterization of food and agricultural wastes. It then delves into using food processing applications that use byproducts as sources of valuable bioenergy and recoverable products. Chapter authors explore the various methods for reducing, reusing, and recycling of waste along with basic and modern environmental practices for food and agricultural waste management. Other chapters consider the issue of food waste management in conjunction with enhancing food security and sustainability and management strategies that offset the impact of food and agricultural wastes on the environment. Finally, the book looks at the challenges and opportunities that are associated with food and agricultural waste management across the globe. This valuable book, Integrated Waste Management Approaches for Food and Agricultural Byproducts, provides a host of innovative and integrated waste management techniques for researchers, scientists, policymakers, faculty and students, and others that address the vast problem of food and agricultural waste across the globe.

This book is related to disaster risk reduction in agriculture particularly under changing climate. Climate change refers to significant, long-term changes in the global climate. There is unequivocal evidence that Earth is warming at an unprecedented rate. Human activity is the principal cause. The planets average surface temperature has risen to about 1oC since the late 19th century and most of the warming occurred in the past 40 years. The years 2016 and 2020 are tied for the warmest year on the record. Similarly, other evidence of rapid climate change includes warming of oceans, shrinking of ice sheets, retreating glaciers, decreasing snow cover, rising of sea level, declining artic sea ice, increased frequency of extreme events, ocean acidification and loss of biodiversity. Hence, climate change impacts, both extreme weather and slow-onset events, have impacted several sectors of the national economies and activities, in particular agriculture and food production, augmented by other challenges be it geopolitical, cost of finance or supply chain related, and in a time of increased food insecurity. Without CO2 fertilization, effective adaptation, and genetic improvement, each degree-Celsius increase in global mean temperature would, on average, reduce global yields of wheat by 6.0%, rice by 3.2%, maize by 7.4%, and soybean by 3.1%. Hence this book is useful as a study material to teach in the field of agriculture and climate change. The book is useful for instructors and postgraduate as well as undergraduate students involved in the study of climate change. The book also provide guidance to multiple stakeholders to design mitigation and adaptation efforts to climate change and ensure food security in the developing world.

This book provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of the recent developments in cotton production and processing, including a number of genetic approaches, such as GM cotton for pest resistance, which have been hotly debated in recent decades. In the era of climate change, cotton is facing diverse abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, toxic metals and environmental pollutants. As such, scientists are developing stress-tolerant cultivars using agronomic, genetic and molecular approaches. Gathering papers on these developments, this timely book is a valuable resource for a wide audience, including plant scientists, agronomists, soil scientists, botanists, environmental scientists and extention workers.

There are many current threats to the citrus industry, this is a timely effort to publish a book covering recent challenges and progress to their approaches to improve conditions. This book is useful to researchers, academicians, scientists to enhance and boost their knowledge for further research on citrus. There are few reviews and books dealing with various aspects of citrus industry. Existing publications are over 10 years old and do not have recent updated knowledge of citrus industry. Global appeal - Citrus is mainly produced commercially in 140 countries, primary producers are Brazil, China, United States, and Mexico.

This book collects all the latest technologies with their implications on the global rice cultivation. It discusses all aspects of rice production and puts together the latest trends and best practices in the rice production. Rice is produced and consumed worldwide and especially an important crop for Asia. It is a staple food in majority of population living is this continent which distinguishes this from rest of the world. Climatic fluctuations, elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide, enhanced temperature have created extreme weather conditions for rice cultivation. Also, increasing pest attacks make situation complicated for the farmers. Therefore, rice production technology also has to be adjusted accordingly.  This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, plant biotechnologists, pathologists, agronomists, soil scientists, food technologists from different part of the globe. Also, the book serves as additional reading material for students of agriculture, soil science, and environmental sciences. National and international agricultural scientists, policy makers will also find this to be a useful read

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Emerging Trends and Advanced Applications is highly focused on addressing all aspects of dye sensitized solar cell technology. In this book, the authors present systematic analysis and working principles and detailed studies of individual components, manufacturing methods, software assisted design surrounding the technology market, commercialization potential, and performance evaluations and detailed fabrication methods and parameters. As there is no specific book which could encircle all the aspects of dye sensitized solar cells from its very basic working principles to advanced approached to improve it efficiency, this book fills that gap. Providing a comprehensive study on dye sensitized solar cells, this reference covers basic working principles to advanced approaches in improving efficiency as well as thermodynamic and kinetic studies. It will be ideal for advanced stage researchers and engineers looking to get a grip on DSSC technology.

This book collects all the latest technologies with their implications on the global rice cultivation. It discusses all aspects of rice production and puts together the latest trends and best practices in the rice production. Rice is produced and consumed worldwide and especially an important crop for Asia. It is a staple food in majority of population living is this continent which distinguishes this from rest of the world. Climatic fluctuations, elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide, enhanced temperature have created extreme weather conditions for rice cultivation. Also, increasing pest attacks make situation complicated for the farmers. Therefore, rice production technology also has to be adjusted accordingly. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, plant biotechnologists, pathologists, agronomists, soil scientists, food technologists from different part of the globe. Also, the book serves as additional reading material for students of agriculture, soil science, and environmental sciences. National and international agricultural scientists, policy makers will also find this to be a useful read

This book provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of the recent developments in cotton production and processing, including a number of genetic approaches, such as GM cotton for pest resistance, which have been hotly debated in recent decades. In the era of climate change, cotton is facing diverse abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, toxic metals and environmental pollutants. As such, scientists are developing stress-tolerant cultivars using agronomic, genetic and molecular approaches. Gathering papers on these developments, this timely book is a valuable resource for a wide audience, including plant scientists, agronomists, soil scientists, botanists, environmental scientists and extention workers.

The study was conducted to evaluate different tomato genotypes against PEG-simulated osmotic stress. Genotypes performing best against PEG-simulated stress were further subjected to water stress at reproductive stage in order to assess their proline, chlorophyll and MSI. Biochemical analysis of selected lines for variation in total proteins using SDS-PAGE was also performed. Identification of drought tolerant lines and their characterisation and evaluation under open field conditions was conducted by recording their morphological performance for different parameters. The use of PEG at seedling stage found to be a good tool for screening large germplasm collection under lab condition. Estimation of physiological attributes (Proline, chlorophyll and membrane) also supported this approach to be a reliable one. Field evaluation provided a useful information for morphological traits in selected genotypes. SDS-PAGE profile reflected variation in banding pattern due to induced stress. The selected genotypes can be used for further manipulation of crop plants.

Library Associations play a vital role in the development of librarianship. These provide a forum for sharing professional ideas and experiences to find out the solution of professional problems. Library associations promote the status and education of librarians, offer certificate in librarianship, support the librarians and take care of librarian's affairs, struggle for their basic rights i.e. pay scale, salary, professional recognitions, work to improve the working conditions in libraries, support and promote research, offer letter of recognition, scholarships and awards for professional development. A study was conducted to evaluate the role of Pakistan Library Association (PLA) in the development of profession. The study also highlights the role of different International Library Associations in the development of profession. Results of the study show the current role of PLA in professional development. It explores the challenges for PLA and its members in professional uplifting. It ends by providing several recommendations in order to overcome professional challenges and to advance the profession of librarianship in Pakistan.

Customized SOA (CSOA) application is just like customized software for any organization with absolute nothing or minimum involvement of human effort. CSOA application provides only services to any small organization. A provider can offer this type of application to relevant organization. Considering CSOA constraints, a method is needed for its development to overcome limitations associated with other methodology for developing CSOA application. This Thesis aims to describe technique for analysis, design and construction of CSOA applications known as BOSM (Business Oriented Services Model). BOSM for CSOA is a development framework which uses the discipline and practices of SOMA and RUP for the proper management of utilizing the basic characteristics of SOA such as reusing existing services, changing existing service with less effort, adding new services at any time, developing new services with future plan, etc.

Omega-3 fatty acids are quite beneficial for human health. These play a vital role in lowering blood cholesterol, blood triglycerides and, hence, blood pressure. Omega-3 fatty acids are helpful in preventing heart diseases, skin diseases and auto immune disorders. The daily intake of 0.5 to 1.0 gram omega-3 fatty acids is recommended for an individual for a healthy life. The food industry is taking steps to return these healthful fatty acids to the human diets. In this regards, poultry meat and eggs can serve the purpose if enriched with omega-3 fatty acids. Laying hens have the ability to absorb and deposit dietary fatty acids without considerable modification in the composition. Thus, the lipid metabolism in the hens permits the fortification of eggs with omega-3 fatty acids by dietary supplementation to increase the provision of these fatty acids which are appropriate for human consumption. This book provides the necessary information about the enrichment of eggs with omega-3 fatty acids by supplementing linseed oil and canola oil to the diets of laying hens. These oils are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids and readily promote the deposition of omega-3 fatty acids in the eggs.